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The Economy Wiki

Family office

A family office is an organizational platform through which a family coordinates investment, ownership, governance, administration and intergenerational continuity across complex financial and personal affairs.

Entry type: Knowledge article

Field: Private Wealth and Family Office Services

Last reviewed: 24 August 2026

Definition

A family office is a dedicated or shared organization that manages and coordinates investments, structures, reporting, administration, governance and selected personal services for a wealthy family or group of families.

Operating models

ModelCharacteristicsTrade-off
Single-family officeDedicated organization for one familyControl and customization versus cost and key-person risk
Multi-family officeShared platform serving several familiesScale and breadth versus exclusivity
Virtual family officeCoordinated network of external providersFlexibility versus integration challenges
Embedded officeFunctions housed within family business or investment companyEfficiency versus blurred governance and cost allocation

Service domains

Investment

  • Asset allocation
  • Manager oversight
  • Direct investments
  • Risk and reporting

Structuring and continuity

  • Tax and legal coordination
  • Trusts and fiduciaries
  • Succession and estate planning
  • Philanthropy

Operations

  • Accounting and administration
  • Property and lifestyle assets
  • Security and privacy
  • Family education and governance

Governance

A family office needs a clear client definition, decision rights, investment authority, conflict policy, information access and succession plan. Family governance and office governance are related but distinct: the family decides objectives and representation, while the office requires professional management and control.

Design and selection

  1. Complexity: map assets, entities, jurisdictions, family branches and service needs.
  2. Objectives: define investment, control, privacy, continuity and family priorities.
  3. Build-versus-buy: decide which capabilities require internal ownership.
  4. Provider governance: assess fiduciary status, custody, conflicts, fees and continuity.
  5. Control: establish reporting, cybersecurity, authority and independent review.

Sources and further reading

View sources and editorial notes
  • Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners, professional resources.
  • Applicable family-office, investment-adviser and fiduciary regulation.
  • OECD, tax transparency and corporate-governance publications.

Editorial note: “Family office” can describe different legal and operating arrangements. Regulatory treatment depends on activities and jurisdiction.