AI is weakening the case for fixed credit hours Shorter degrees can work without reducing academic quality Accreditation should measure competence, not time served Ninety campuses in the United States now offe

Irish reminder raised refinancing 76 percent, but inattention persists Euro-area consumers attend far less to rates than inflation HARP's slow uptake shows an older transmission failure In a field experimen

Europe's stablecoin market stays tiny despite growing bank interest Multinational issuance lets dollar runs hit European issuers hardest Automatic stabilisers could close the gap; Europe hasn't adopted them The euro-sta

Chip controls slowed China's AI but did not stop it Distillation, not raw compute, drives China's competitive AI models Terminology drift and one factual verb need correcting before publication In July 2026, researchers from the US Ce

Heat and war together threaten to double European grain prices Europe's harvest shortfall collides with Argentina's shrinking export surplus Central banks face a supply-driven case for higher interest rates By July 2026,

Migration supports growth when skills complement domestic workers Urban settlement can amplify migrant innovation and productivity Policy outcomes depend on selection, integration and geography For the first time i

Heatwaves are becoming a recurring driver of inflation Harvest damage transmits heat into measurable food-price shocks Central banks are building tools to track this pattern On June 21, France issue

Weak yen is suppressing Japanese outbound travel Stronger purchasing power historically increased overseas travel Lower passport fees cannot offset stagnant household incomes In 2025, Japan welcomed 42.7 million visitors,

Norwegian data show portfolio adjustment takes years, not months Slow adjustment turns dangerous when equity premium shifts are abrupt Policy and portfolio implications diverge based on shock type When Norway aboli

Pension funds are shifting fast from defined benefit to defined contribution Netherlands offers the clearest real-time test of the transition Falling long-term bond demand may be pushing US Treasury yields up <

Meta's two-hour limit counts accounts, not people Fake profiles and borrowed accounts already defeat similar bans No country agrees on the correct age or hour In Australia, where the ban on social media accounts for under-16s

Private credit fills the post-2008 regulatory gap left by Dodd-Frank Europe's bank-dependent market shifts as Basel rules bite Direct euro-area bank exposure stays small but concentrated Banks' share of busines

Study tests three explanations for r*'s post-2020 rise Fiscal news, AI news, Fed meetings all fail to explain it AI news lowers r*; the increase remains unexplained The United States' natural real interest rate, kno

The Economy Research Editorial*

China's growth model relied on cheap, precarious labor Consumption pivot needs secure income precarious workers lack Ruling-class "welfare" framing blocks meaningful labor redistribution In China, almost half of urban workers no lon

Türkiye's 2021–23 rate cuts and KKM shifted currency risk onto the state Washington and Tokyo now defend the yen via FIMA-collateralized borrowing instead Both cases buy time at rising cost, not remove the rate differential

Emerging-market firms pay a persistent country-level borrowing premium Deeper local savings can widen access and lower yields Financial liberalisation expands access but adds global-rate exposure A company

More information can worsen beliefs when signals are unrepresentative Trust shapes which economic signals households choose to believe Transparency works best when uncertainty and timing remain explicit In an international

AI adoption follows economics, not technical exposure alone Lower costs can expand demand rather than eliminate jobs Comparative advantage determines where automation becomes commercially rational Technically e

China’s trade power is becoming a financial transmission channel Emerging markets came first; advanced markets now respond too RMB policy could redirect larger Chinese capital flows abroad At the end of 2025,